¿Qué hacer si tienes anemia?
| On Ene13,2023La anemia ocurre cuando no se tienen suficientes glóbulos rojos en el torrente sanguíneo. Las células viajan con hierro y hemoglobina, esta es una proteína que ayuda a transportar oxígeno a todos los órganos de todo el cuerpo. Cuando alguien se encuentra en un estado anémico puede significar que se siente más cansado o frío de lo normal, o que la piel parece demasiado pálida. Esto se debe a que los órganos no están recibiendo el oxígeno necesario para hacer su trabajo.
¿Existen diferentes tipos de anemia?
Hay varios tipos diferentes, pero cada uno de ellos hace que disminuya la cantidad de glóbulos rojos en circulación. Los niveles de glóbulos rojos son bajos debido a una de las siguientes razones:
- El cuerpo no puede producir suficiente hemoglobina (hemoglobina baja).
- El cuerpo produce hemoglobina, pero la hemoglobina no funciona correctamente.
- El cuerpo no produce suficientes glóbulos rojos.
- El cuerpo descompone los glóbulos rojos demasiado rápido.
Algunos tipos de anemia de los que quizás haya oído hablar son la anemia por deficiencia de hierro y la anemia de células falciformes.
¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la anemia por deficiencia de hierro?
Los síntomas de la anemia pueden ser leves al principio y es posible que ni siquiera los note. Pero estos pueden incluir:
- Fatiga general
- Debilidad
- Piel pálida
- Dificultad para respirar
- Mareo
- Extraños antojos de comer cosas sin valor nutricional
- Sensación de hormigueo en las piernas
- Hinchazón o dolor en la lengua
- Manos y pies fríos
- Latidos del corazón rápidos o irregulares
- Uñas quebradizas
- Dolores de cabeza
¿Quién es más probable que desarrolle anemia?
Cualquier persona puede desarrollar anemia, aunque los siguientes grupos tienen un mayor riesgo:
- Mujeres: la pérdida de sangre durante los períodos menstruales y el parto puede provocar anemia. Esto es especialmente cierto si tiene períodos abundantes o una afección como los fibromas.
- Niños de 1 a 2 años: el cuerpo necesita más hierro durante los períodos de crecimiento acelerado.
- Infantes: Los infantes pueden obtener menos hierro cuando son destetados de la leche materna o fórmula a alimentos sólidos. El cuerpo no absorbe tan fácilmente el hierro de los alimentos sólidos.
- Personas mayores de 65 años: las personas mayores de 65 años tienen más probabilidades de tener dietas pobres en hierro y ciertas enfermedades crónicas.
¿Qué puede causar la anemia?
La causa más común son los bajos niveles de hierro en el cuerpo. Este tipo de anemia se llama anemia por deficiencia de hierro. El cuerpo necesita una cierta cantidad de hierro para producir hemoglobina, la sustancia que mueve el oxígeno por todo el cuerpo. Sin embargo, la anemia por deficiencia de hierro es solo un tipo. Otros tipos son causados por:
- Dietas que carecen de vitamina B12, o no puede usar o absorber la vitamina B12 (como la anemia perniciosa).
- Las dietas que carecen de ácido fólico, también llamado folato, o su cuerpo no puede usar el ácido fólico correctamente (como la anemia por deficiencia de folato).
- Trastornos hereditarios de la sangre (como anemia de células falciformes o talasemia).
- Afecciones que hacen que los glóbulos rojos se descompongan demasiado rápido (como la anemia hemolítica).
- Condiciones crónicas que hacen que su cuerpo no tenga suficientes hormonas para crear glóbulos rojos. Estos incluyen hipertiroidismo, hipotiroidismo, enfermedad renal avanzada, lupus y otras enfermedades a largo plazo.
- Pérdida de sangre relacionada con otras afecciones como úlceras, hemorroides o gastritis.
¿Cómo se trata la anemia?
El tratamiento por deficiencia de hierro dependerá de la gravedad del problema y de la causa inicial. La mayoría de las formas de esta condición implican una falta de hierro en la dieta o problemas con tu cuerpo para absorber el hierro que consume. A continuación se presentan algunas opciones de tratamiento.
Suplementos de hierro
Las tabletas de hierro pueden ayudar a restaurar los niveles de hierro en tu cuerpo. Si es posible, debes tomar las tabletas de hierro con el estómago vacío, lo que ayuda a que el cuerpo las absorba mejor. Si le causan malestar estomacal, puede tomarlos con las comidas. Es posible que debas tomar los suplementos durante varios meses. Los suplementos de hierro pueden causar estreñimiento o heces negras.
Dieta
Las dietas que incluyen los siguientes alimentos pueden ayudar a tratar o prevenir la deficiencia de hierro:
- Carne roja
- Vegetales de hoja verde oscuro
- Frutas secas
- Nueces
- Cereales fortificados con hierro
Además, la vitamina C puede ayudar a tu cuerpo a absorber el hierro.
¿Cómo controlo la anemia?
Mientras que algunos tipos de anemia son a corto plazo y leves, otros pueden durar toda la vida. Hay varias maneras de ayudar a controlar la anemia, que incluyen:
- Siguiendo una dieta saludable.
- Beber suficiente agua para mantenerse hidratado.
- Hacer ejercicio regularmente. Sin embargo, si has estado débil, debes comenzar a hacer ejercicio con cautela. Consulte con tu médico sobre las formas de hacer ejercicio de manera segura. Solicita por mi plan de ejercicios.
- Evitar la exposición a productos químicos que desencadenan la anemia.
- Lavarse las manos con frecuencia para evitar infecciones.
- Cuidar bien los dientes e ir al dentista con regularidad.
- Hablar con tu médico acerca de cualquier cambio en los síntomas.
- Hacer un seguimiento de sus síntomas escribiéndolos.
Conclusiones KF
Si sospechas que tienes una deficiencia de hierro, consulta a un médico. Pueden diagnosticar la anemia con análisis de sangre.
No intentes diagnosticar y tratar la anemia por deficiencia de hierro por tu propia cuenta. Podría terminar con demasiado hierro en la sangre, lo que puede causar otras afecciones de salud, como estreñimiento e incluso daño hepático. Solicita una consulta médica personalizada conmigo hoy.
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